Develop Russia must know customs clearance policy and logistics freight detailed route
All foreign trade personnel who have exported to Russia know that there are white customs clearance and gray customs clearance in Russia's customs clearance policy. So what is white customs clearance and what is gray customs clearance?
White customs clearance: refers to the normal customs clearance way to enter Russia through the normal customs inspection, the normal way of cargo circulation.
Grey customs clearance: the shipper is responsible for delivering the goods to the Chinese customs on the Chinese side and passing the inspection smoothly. However, when the consignee receives the goods at the Russian port, due to the tedious inspection, some links in the middle are solved by the Russian "customs clearance company". These forwarders are approved by the government. Their business is to go through customs formalities and collect taxes. Sino-russian trade is a complicated problem. In order to make profits from the customs clearance company's handling of the inspection procedures, the customs clearance company will unilaterally modify the types and quantities of goods in the bill of lading.
Most of the goods exported from China to Russia are through grey customs clearance, which is much faster than normal customs clearance and much cheaper. Grey customs clearance is not only found in Russia, but also common in countries such as Pakistan.
The mode of transportation
1. Land and rail transportation
From all over China through durata port/manzhouli port/erenhot port/alashankou port/suifenhe port into Russia;
2. The rail transport
From Chinese ports to vostochny or Vladivostok (sea cucumber) into eastern Russia and inland cities;
3. Maritime transport
Into western Russia via st Petersburg; Or through Ukrainian ports into Ukraine, moldova, belarus and southern Russia;
4. Air freight
Provide all over the country - Beijing - Moscow air charter services;
5. To send
The door service can arrange the transportation of goods by car, train, plane and other means of transportation according to the guests' requirements, and help the guests to deliver the goods to any designated place in Russia.
Preparation for customs clearance
Before the goods arrive at the port, the customs clearance agent shall sort out the commodity information declared at customs and prepare the declaration form. For the calculation of general customs clearance fees, it is necessary to know the detailed information of the commodities. These include:
- - Technical parameters (especially for building materials, engineering equipment, etc.)
- - The material
- - Packing condition (net weight, gross weight, packing form, quantity, if it is board, ceramic tile and other commodities, generally need the total square meters of packing)
With these, customs clearance agents can determine the most appropriate customs code, get the optimal clearance value, and thus calculate the minimum clearance costs. Different from other countries, the value of goods is determined by the Russian customs, rather than by the value of the goods themselves.
After the data is ready, use the name of the Russian customs clearance company to declare to the Russian customs, also can be registered in Russia by the customer of the legitimate company for customs declaration, all customs clearance procedures according to the formal way.
Import clearance process
The Russian customs code stipulates that customs formalities shall be handled at the designated place of the Russian customs authority where the consignor (when exporting) or the consignee (when importing) or its branch is located. The handling time shall be the working hours of the customs organs as stipulated by the Russian national customs committee.
Upon request, customs formalities may be handled at other locations and during non-customs working hours at a double handling charge. The Russian national customs council has the power to determine that certain types of goods and vehicles can only go through customs formalities at designated customs offices. Customs formalities can only be completed for certain commodities after they have undergone animal and plant quarantine, ecological and other inspections.
Documents required for customs formalities include:
(1). Cargo declaration form;
(2). Customs value declaration form;
(3). License (referring to commodities subject to license and quota management);
(4). Commodity inspection certificate (referring to commodities subject to inspection);
(5). For the license certificates of the relevant commodities (referring to the commodities subject to the supervision of relevant state organs), the application places are as follows:
A. Animal and plant products - animal and plant quarantine bureau of the ministry of agriculture;
B. Ionizing radiation source products - national epidemiological health supervision committee;
C. Non-military weapons and associated explosives - internal affairs;
D. Radio electronics and high frequency instruments - national communications and information commission;
(6). Certificate of origin (referring to the country where the commodities are produced that enjoys tariff preference);
(7). Documents for payment of customs duties and taxes as required by law;
(8). Import contract registration certificate;
(9). Other supplementary documents.
Customs formalities are divided into two parts: preliminary formalities and basic formalities. Preliminary procedure means the procedure to be completed before the goods are stored in accordance with a certain customs system to prevent the importation of contraband and to verify the goods for customs purposes. Basic procedure means the procedure to be performed by the customs, the customs broker and other persons having full authority over the goods and means of transport after the customs has received the declaration.
Import goods and means of transport subject to customs control are usually transported to the customs office in the place where the consignee or its branch is located and customs formalities are completed there. Persons with full authority over the goods and means of transport shall submit the declaration within the time limit set by the Russian national customs council, which shall not exceed 15 days after the submission of the goods to the customs (not more than 10 days in the case of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products).
If the customs confirms the acceptance of the declaration, it shall number the declaration and indicate the date of acceptance. If there is any doubt about the documents and information submitted, the customs shall have the right to ask for supplementary documents and information so as to check whether the information contained in the customs declaration form and the documents submitted is accurate. The customs officer shall examine the documents and make a decision on whether or not to release them within a period not exceeding 10 days (not exceeding 3 days in the case of perishable goods).
The said period shall start from the date of submission of the customs declaration. Goods declaration shall be made in advance when the goods are transported into the customs duty taxable commodities. Within 10-30 days before the expected transit date of the goods, the customs shall submit the provisional declaration form to the customs and deposit the customs tax deposit into the customs account. The margin rate was determined in accordance with order no. 420 of 17 August 1994 of the Russian national customs commission.
The deposit may not be deposited under the following circumstances:
The goods are transported by a customs carrier with a license from the national customs committee; The goods were shipped under the international cargo convention 1975.
Common problems
1. is Russia white safe for customs clearance? Must not produce the phenomenon that goods is confiscated?
Russia's white customs clearance is based on "truthful declaration". If we can ensure that the goods are declared according to the facts, pay taxes according to the law, improve the commodity inspection and security inspection, and have a complete trade chain and sales procedures, it will be perfectly legal and there will be no seizure or confiscation of the goods. Even if the Russian functional departments deliberately create difficulties, it can also be prosecuted in the law, there are legal guarantees.
2. Is white customs clearance in Russia necessarily more expensive than gray customs clearance?
First of all, we need to know that the taxes and fees levied by the Russian customs include: the customs duty of goods and the value-added tax of goods levied by the customs, and in the tax law of the Russian customs, different varieties, different materials and different values of goods have their respective corresponding tax rates.
Referring to relevant data, it can be seen that, except for some goods with higher value, the taxes and fees required by law for most of the goods are more equal or lower than the fees for gray customs clearance in the current market. Therefore, the adoption of legal customs clearance, the payment of taxes and fees in accordance with the law will not necessarily increase the operating costs.
3. Russia white clearance procedures are cumbersome, clearance time must be long?
White customs clearance in Russia is more complicated than grey customs clearance. In addition, different customs clearance points in Russia have different efficiency, and the number of goods declared at one time also affects the speed of customs clearance. The speed of customs clearance is faster for goods of a single type, while the time of inspection is longer and the speed of customs clearance is longer if there are more varieties of goods declared at one time. In general, the current normal clearance time is roughly 2-7 days.
Many people mistakenly think that the logistics cost from China to Russia is equal to the freight, which is wrong. In addition to the freight, there are also necessary entry declaration fees such as customs duties and commodity inspection. In the whole cost composition, the freight is a small proportion.
